Sixth to chaeles e



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

G. s. PAGE.

FUEL AND PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME.

No. 251,458. Patented 1190.27.1881.

N1 PETERS. Photo-Lllhngnpher. Wmin mn, 11Cw (No Modell) 2 Sneens-Sheet.2.

G. S. PAGE.

FUEL, AND PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME.

Patented Dec. 211881..

N. PETZES. PhobLilhognpher. Wnhmglun. D. Q

UNITE TATES PATENT OFrc GEORGE SHEPARD PAGE, OF STANLEY, NEW JERSEY,ASSIGNOR OF ONE- SIXTH TO CHARLES E. BOOTH, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

FUEL AND PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 251,458, dated December27, 1881.

Application filed June 17, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Beitknown that l, GEORGE SHEPARD PAGE, a citizen of theUnited States,residing at Stanley, in the county of Morris and State of New Jersey,have invented a new and useful improvement in fuel and in the process ofmanufacturing the same from the waste slack or culm of bituminous orsemi-bituminous coal, and also in the utilization of the productsderived therefrom in the process of preparation; and I do hereby declarethat the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same,which will enable others skilled in the art to which it. apper'tains tomake and use the same.

I 5 Heretofore waste bituminous coal dust or culm has been utilized asfuel by mixing it with other substances by agglomerating the same withbituminous and resinous substances and pressing the same into blocks. Ithas also been utilized to a limited extent as a coke;

but in the production of said coke no provision has heretofore been madefor the saving of ammoniacal products, gases, and hydrocarbons.

2 5 The object of my invention is to receive the dust, culm, or slack asit is daily produced at the mines, or to use the present vast refuseaccumulations, and, by the aid of appliances and mechanism hereinaftermore fully set forth,

utilize every product contained in the coalwaste in the most economicaland effective manner, not only in the preparation of the fuel, but inthe production of the various pro ducts for use in the various arts.

To this end my invention consists in the manufacture of fuel from thewaste slack or culm of bituminous or semi -bituminous or other cokingcoal by coking the same at the mines, as above stated, then crushing orgrind- 40 ing and mixing it with about equal proportions of raw coaldust or culm of any kind of coal, with the addition of enough pitch tocause the mass to adhere and be formed into convenientsized bricks orblocks.

5 It vconsists, further, of the arrangement of the coke-ovens,gas-receivers, tar-receptacles,

tar-stills, and receivers for the different products arising from thedistillation of the coaltar, as will hereinafter more fully appear, to-

gether with the system of connecting-pipes for the ready manipulationand transfer of said products.

In order to manufacture the fuel from waste coal,slack,or culm,and atthe same time save all the products arising from the manufacture of thecoke, I have shown in the drawings hereto annexed the most convenientarrangement of stills, receivers, and connecting-pipes which I havefound best adapted for the purpose.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of thecoke-producing oven, water-tank, and receiving-tank, withconnecting-pipes broken away, and a continuation of which is shown inFig. 2. Fig. 2 is a continuation of Fig. 1, showing in perspective thetar-still, condensing-tank, light-oil tank, with connecting-pipes andvalves, a combination of which is shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 3 isacontinuation of Fig. 2, showing in perspective the creosote-oil tankand anthracene-tank, with pipes and cocks connecting with Fig. 2,together with the creosoting-cylinder and car. Fig. 4 is a view inperspective of the gas-holder or gasometer and storage-car. Fig. 5 is aview in perspective of the pitch-receiver,with pipes 7 5 connecting itwith the tar-still, and another pipe connecting it with the fuel mixeror machine.

Ordinarily coal is found deposited in hills and mountains, and the minesare opened and worked in the sides of the same, and when such is thecase, either in a working mine or where the accumulations of slack orculm of exhausted mines are formed on the hill or mountain side,Ipropose to arrange my ovens, stills, condensers, &c., in such a manneras to take advantage of the laws of gravitation in the transfer of thevarious products from one vessel to another.

A designates one or more coking-ovens, 0 which are located convenientlynear the mouth of the mine or deposit of refuse dust, slack, or culm,and receive their charges of slack or culm through openings in the top,(not shown,) which are closed and sealed after re- 5 ceiving a suitablequantity of slack or. culm from the car D. The gases eliminated from theslack or culm during the coking process ascend through the stand-pipe band pipe 0 into the tank B, which is partially filled with water, and inwhich the coal-tar and ammonia are separated from the illuminating-gas,the tar and ammonia being conveyed to the receiving-tank G, while thegas is conveyed by the pipe at to the gasometer O. The gases thusproduced in the coking of the slack or culm I utilize as a fuel forcarrying on the coking process, and also for fuel in the distillingprocesses of the coal-tar, to be immediately described. The coal-tar isrun from the tank 0 into the tar-still E through the pipes c and s byopening the valve 1. The tar-still is of novel construction, so far as Iam aware, and for which I here reserve the right of filing a separateapplication for a patent at some future time. Snffice it to say, inconnection with this specification, that the still contains fluessimilar to the flue-boilers now in use for generating steam, and isprovided with an opening in the bottom, through which the pitch orresiduum is discharged.

The coal-tar still is adapted to be heated by the gas from thegasometer, derived from the coking of the slack or culm, as heretoforestated. In the distillation of the coal-tar the vapors rise and passthrough the pipes t andj, valve 2, and pipe 76 into the condensing-tankH, said tank being provided with a coil orseries of coils of pipes, 00,through which cold water is passed, and by which the vapors arecondensed and fiow through the pipes m, m, and m into the respectivetanks which receive the light, creosote, and anthraeene oils. The lightoi1,or oil lighter than water, comes over at a temperature under 250Fahrenheit. While this is running the valveet is closed and the oilpasses into the light-oil tank I. As the temperature rises above 250 thevalve 4 is opened to allow the heavy creosote-oil to pass into tank J.When the thermometer indicates 450 the valve 6 is opened, and the oilcoming over between 450 and 600, called anthracene-oil, is deposited inthe tank K. 1 can, however, accomplish the same results of condensationof the light, creosote, and anthracene oils bylengthening thepipesjJ,andj and pass the liquids or oils generated at thetemperatureheretoforeindicated through therespective pipes l, n, and 0and valves 2, 5, and 7 into the tanks I, J, and K without the use of thecondensing tank H. After the oils referred to have been driven off anddeposited in the various tanks assigned them, a liquid pitch yet remainsin the still. This pitch is drawn off from the still through the pipeginto the tank F, which is kept in a heated condition by a steam-coillocated therein, in order to retain the pitch in a fluid condition untilready for use. The pitch thus produced I use as the binding material forthe crushed coke and slack or culm, to form the same into bricks.

I have shown in the drawings a pipe, h, leading from the tank F to themixer, through which the pitch is carried, where it is mixed with thecrushed coke and slack or culm, and is then pressed into blocks by anysuitable machinery.

I may find it expedient and desirable to use that class of machines usedin the manufacture of bricks in which the clay is forced out inacontinuous stream and the bricks cut therefrom. By using a machine ofthis kind the crushed coke, slack, or culm and pitch are The process ofcreosoting the timber which I. prefer to use is that known as theBethe-ll process, first used in England in 1838.

It may be advantageous at times to dispose of the surplus tar not neededat the works to distillers and to chemical works in various parts of thecountry, and in such cases the coaltar is drawn from the tank 0 into atank-car for shipment, which is similar to the manner in which crudepetroleum and petroleum oils are now transported.

In case it is desirable to sell the creosote-oil for use at other pointsfor wood-preserving or for other purposes, it is drawn from the tank Jinto the tank-car N for transportation. The light oil and anthracene-oilcan also be transported to market by drawing the same into a tank-car N,unless it-is found advantageous to manufacture benzole, nitro-benzole,naphtha, and carbolic acid from the light oils, and anthracene from theanthracene-oil at the place of production.

I have not deemed it necessary to exhibit a diagram for the utilizationof the ammonia generated in the carbonization of the dust, slack, orculm; but it is obvious that it can be readily saved and converted intosulphate of ammonia. The sulphur can be saved in a wellknown manner bypassing the gas through oxide of iron, which will gradually absorb thesulphur, and when it has gained from one hun-' dred to one hundred andfifty per cent. in weight of sulphur the oxide can be burned in afurnace, the sulphur-fumes passed into an acid-chamber, making sulphuricacid, which can be used for making sulphate of ammonia.

It will be apparent that by the method and means herein set forth everyingredient of the heretofore valueless refuse of bituminous andsemi-bituminous coal dust, slack, or culm is made of "alue and put intopractical form to beutilized in the industrial arts.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, 1s-

1. The fuel herein described, the same consisting of pulverized coke,coal dust, slack, or culm, and coal-tar pitch, when combined in aboutthe proportionsjherein set forth.

2. The process herein described of manufacturing fuel, the sameconsisting of coking hituminous or semi-bituminous coal dust, slack, orculm and utilizing the pitch or tar derived from the coking process as abinding material,

as set forth.

3. The process herein described of manufacturing fuel from bituminous orsemi-bituminous coal dust, slack, or culm and utilizing all the productsderived therefrom, the same consisting in coking the dust, slack, orculm in tight chambers, saving the gas,ammonia, and tar derived from thecoking process by the devices substantially as specified, distilling thetar and saving the products derived from said distillation, andutilizing the pitch or residue in the still for agglomerating orcementing the crushed or pulverized coke, coal dust, slack,

or cnlm into a mass, as set forth.

4. A plant for the treatment of coal-slack and the production of anarticle of fuel, as set forth, the same consisting of a series ofdevices enumerated in the above specification, by which the coal slack,dust, or culm is coked and the gas, oil, acid, sulphur, ammonia, andhydrocarbons driven off in the process of coking are saved and utilizedin substantially the manner set forth.

5. As an improvement in the art of manufacturing an article of fuel fromcoal slack, dust, or culm, the plant or arrangement of devices hercinset forth, the same consisting of the coking-ovens, gas-receivers,tar-receptacles, tar-stills, and receivers for the different productsarising from the distillation of the coal-tar, and the system of pipesconnecting the same, whereby a continuous process of coking and refiningis carried on, as set forth. In testimony whereof I affix my signaturein presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE SHEPARD PAGE.

Witnesses CHAR-LES E. BOOTH, EDWD. M. ATKINSON.

